Spacer device

ABSTRACT

A spacer device includes an elongate spacing member extending a longitudinal axis for securing to electrical transmission lines, and has a minimum thickness d m . At least one thickened portion having a thickness T t  and length d t  is positioned intermediate along the spacing member to form at least two column lengths L c  separated by the at least one thickened portion. Each column length L c  has a portion with the minimum thickness d m . The thickness T t  and length d t  of the at least one thickened portion can be at least two times the minimum thickness d m  to form at least one end support for the at least two column lengths L c , such the at least two column lengths L c  behave as separate Euler type columns for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a Continuation in Part application of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/171,220, filed Feb. 3, 2014, which is a Continuation in Part application of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/008,112, filed Jan. 18, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,981,227 issued on Mar. 17, 2015, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/296,203, filed on Jan. 19, 2010. The entire teachings of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

Electrical transmission lines, cables or conductors can be subject to galloping during storms, which can cause damage to the transmission line system. If damage is extensive, repairs can be costly and time consuming.

SUMMARY

The present invention can provide a spacer device including an elongate spacing member extending along a longitudinal axis for securing to electrical transmission lines, and can have a minimum thickness d_(m). At least one thickened portion having a thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) can be positioned intermediate along the spacing member to form at least two column lengths L_(c) separated by the at least one thickened portion. Each column length L_(c) can have a portion with the minimum thickness d_(m). The thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) of the at least one thickened portion can be at least two times the minimum thickness d_(m) to form at least one end support for the at least two column lengths L_(c), such that the at least two column lengths L_(c) behave as separate Euler type columns for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight.

In particular embodiments, the thickened portion can have a thickness T_(t) that is at least two times the minimum thickness d_(m) of the spacing member, and a length d_(t) that is at least three times the minimum thickness d_(m). The spacing member can have a column length to minimum thickness L_(c)/d_(m) ratio of about 5 to 18, a thickened portion thickness to spacing member minimum thickness T_(t)/d_(m) ratio of about 1.5 to 3, and a thickened portion length to spacing member minimum thickness d_(t)/d_(m) ratio of about 2 to 5 for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight. In some embodiments, the L_(c)/d_(m) ratio can be about 6 to 7, the T_(t)/d_(m) ratio can be about 1.75 to 2.5, and the d_(t)/d_(m) ratio can be about 2.5 to 3.5. The spacing member can be a rod having a length of about 1½ to 3 feet long, and having a minimum thickness d_(m) of about ⅜ to ¾ inches. The at least one thickened portion can have a thickness T_(t) of about 1 to 2 inches, and a length d_(t) of about 1½ to 2½ inches. The at least one thickened portion can be integrally formed on the spacing member. At least two thickened portions can be spaced apart about 5 to 11 inches. The at least one thickened portion can be cylindrical in shape and can have a central axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the spacing member. The at least one thickened portion can have a diameter of about 1½ to 2½ inches. First and second clamps can be secured to opposite ends of the spacing member for securing to respective electrical transmission lines. The clamps can be capable of rotating relative to the spacing member. The spacer device can be capable of spacing two electrical transmission lines about 30 to 32 inches apart. The elongate spacing member can be a first spacing member, and the spacer device can further include a second elongate spacing member secured to the first spacing member and can have at least a third clamp secured to an end of the second spacing member for securing to at least another electrical transmission line.

The present invention can also provide a spacer device for electrical transmission lines including an elongate spacing rod having a length of about 1½ to 3 feet long, and a nominal thickness of about ⅜ to ¾ inches. A series of spaced apart thickened portions can be integrally formed on the spacing rod. The thickened portions can be at least two times thicker than the nominal thickness of the spacing rod and spaced about 5 to 8 inches apart for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight.

The present invention can also provide a spacer device including an elongate spacing rod extending along a longitudinal axis for securing to electrical transmission lines, and having a minimum diameter d_(m). At least one thickened portion can be positioned intermediate along the spacing rod to form at least two column lengths L_(c) separated by the at least one thickened portion. The at least one thickened portion can be cylindrically shaped with a central axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the spacing rod, and can have a diameter d_(t) and thickness T_(t) large enough to form at least one end support for the at least two column lengths L_(c), such that the at least two column lengths L_(c) behave as separate Euler type columns for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight.

The present invention can also provide a spreading device for spreading cables apart including a first spreading arm having a proximal end and a distal end, and a second spreading arm having a proximal end and a distal end. The distal ends of the first and second spreading arms can be configured for engaging respective cables. The proximal ends of the first and second spreading arms can be pivotally connected together by a pivot point. The pivot point can be configured to permit pivoting of the first and second arms relative to each other between an acute angle and just beyond 180°, for spreading the respective cables apart and locking in a spread position.

In particular embodiments, a handle can be pivotally connected to the pivot point for moving the first and second spreading arms between the acute angle and just beyond 180°. The pivot point can include a mechanical stop for preventing rotation of the first and second spreading arms past just beyond 180°.

The present invention can also provide a spacer damper device for electrical transmission lines including two polymeric sleeves, each about 4 to 5 feet long covering a portion of two spaced apart transmission line cables. Two helical armor rods, each about 6 to 7 feet long can be wrapped around a polymeric sleeve. Ends of the armor rods can be wrapped around the cables. A spacing member can have two clamps, each for clamping over a cable at a region to clamp over an armor rod and polymeric sleeve, thereby forming a constrained viscoelastic layer where the polymeric sleeve deforms in shear when the cable bends underneath the clamp, thereby providing damping.

The present invention can also provide a damper device for electrical transmission lines including a polymeric sleeve covering a portion of a transmission line cable. A rod can be wrapped around the polymeric sleeve. Ends of the rod can be wrapped around the cable. A clamp can be clamped over the rod and polymeric sleeve, thereby forming a constrained viscoelastic layer where the polymeric sleeve deforms in shear when the cable bends underneath the clamp, thereby providing damping.

In particular embodiments, the polymeric sleeve can be about 4 to 5 feet long, and the rod can be a helical armor rod about 6 to 7 feet long. The clamp can be a first clamp and the transmission line cable can be a first transmission line cable. The damper device can further include a spacing member to which the first clamp is mounted, and a second clamp mounted to the spacing member for clamping to a second transmission line cable. In some embodiments, the clamp can be mounted to a member extending from a transmission tower.

The present invention can also provide a method of spacing two electrical transmission lines with a spacer device including securing an elongate spacing member to the two electrical transmission lines. The elongate spacing member can extend along a longitudinal axis, and can have a minimum thickness d_(m). At least one thickened portion having a thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) can be positioned intermediate along the spacing member to form at least two column lengths L_(c) separated by the at least one thickened portion. Each column length L_(c) can have a portion with a minimum thickness d_(m). The thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) of the at least one thickened portion can be at least two times the minimum thickness d_(m) to form at least one end support for the at least two column lengths L_(c), such that the at least two column lengths L_(c) behave as separate Euler type columns for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight.

In particular embodiments, the thickened portion can have a thickness T_(t) that is at least two times the minimum thickness d_(m) of the spacing member, and a length d_(t) that is at least three times the minimum thickness d_(m). The spacing member can have a column length to minimum thickness L_(c)/d_(m) ratio of about 5 to 18, a thickened portion thickness to spacing member minimum thickness T_(t)/d_(m) ratio of about 1.5 to 3, and a thickened portion length to spacing member minimum thickness d_(t)/d_(m) ratio of about 2 to 5 for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight. In some embodiments, the L_(c)/d_(m) ratio can be about 6 to 7, the T_(t)/d_(m) ratio can be about 1.75 to 2.5 and the d_(t)/d_(m) ratio can be about 2.5 to 3.5. The spacing member can be a rod with a length of about 1½ to 3 feet long, and a minimum thickness d_(m) of about ⅜ to ¾ inches. The at least one thickened portion can have a thickness T_(t) of about 1 to 2 inches, and a length d_(t) of about 1½ to 2½ inches. The at least one thickened portion can be integrally formed on the spacing member. At least two thickened portions can be spaced apart about 5 to 11 inches. The at least one thickened portion can be cylindrical in shape, and with a central axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the spacing member. The at least one thickened portion can have a diameter of about 1½ to 2½ inches. First and second clamps that are on opposite ends of the spacing member can be secured to respective electrical transmission lines. The clamps can be allowed to rotate relative to the spacing member. The two electrical transmission lines can be spaced about 30 to 32 inches apart. The elongate spacing member can be a first spacing member, and the spacer device can further include a second elongate spacing member secured to the first spacing member and can have at least a third clamp secured to an end of the second spacing member for securing to at least another electrical transmission line.

The present invention can also provide a method of spacing two electrical transmission lines with a spacer device including securing an elongate spacing rod to the two electrical transmission lines. The elongate spacing rod can have a length of about 1½ to 3 feet long, and a nominal thickness of about ⅜ to ¾ inches. A series of spaced apart thickened portions can be integrally formed on the spacing rod. The thickened portions can be at least two times thicker than the nominal thickness of the spacing rod and spaced of about 5 to 8 inches apart for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight.

The present invention can also provide a method of spacing two electrical transmission lines with a spacer device including securing an elongate spacing rod to the two electrical transmission lines. The elongate spacing rod can extend along a longitudinal axis and have a minimum diameter d_(m). At least one thickened portion can be positioned intermediate along the spacing rod to form at least two column lengths L_(c) separated by the at least one thickened portion. The at least one thickened portion can be cylindrically shaped with a central axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the spacing rod, and can have a diameter d_(t) and thickness T_(t) large enough to form at least one end support for the at least two column lengths L_(c), such that the at least two column lengths L_(c) behave as separate Euler type columns for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight.

The present invention can also provide a method of spreading two cables apart including providing a spreading device with first and second spreading arms each having proximal and distal ends. The distal ends of the first and second spreading arms can engage respective cables. The proximal ends of the first and second spreading arms can be pivotally connected together by a pivot point. The pivot point can be configured to permit pivoting of the first and second arms relative to each other. The arms can be pivoted from an acute angle to just beyond 180°, for spreading the respective cables apart and locking in a spread position.

In particular embodiments, the first and second spreading arms can be moved between the acute angle and just beyond 180° with a handle pivotally connected to the pivot point. The first and second spreading arms can be prevented from rotating past just beyond 180° with a mechanical stop included with the pivot point. The two cables can be two electrical transmission lines, and can be spread from an initial distance of about 18 inches to a distance of about 30 to 32 inches. A spacing device can be secured to the two electrical transmission lines for maintaining the distance of about 30 to 32 inches.

The present invention can also provide a method of damping electrical transmission lines including covering two spaced apart transmission line cables with two polymeric sleeves, each about 4 to 5 feet long covering a portion of the two spaced apart transmission line cables. Two helical armor rods, each about 6 to 7 feet long can be wrapped around a polymeric sleeve. Ends of the armor rods can be wrapped around the cables. A spacing member can be secured to the two transmission line cables. The spacing member can have two clamps, each for clamping over a cable at a region to clamp over an armor rod and polymeric sleeve, thereby forming a constrained viscoelastic layer where the polymeric sleeve deforms in shear when the cable bends underneath the clamp, thereby providing damping.

The present invention can also provide a method of damping an electrical transmission line including covering a portion of an electrical transmission line cable with a polymeric sleeve. A rod can be wrapped around the polymeric sleeve. Ends of the rod can be wrapped around the cable. A clamp can be secured over the rod and polymeric sleeve, thereby forming a constrained viscoelastic layer where the polymeric sleeve deforms in shear when the cable bends underneath the clamp, thereby providing damping.

In particular embodiments, the polymeric sleeve can be about 4 to 5 feet long, and the rod can be a helical armor rod about 6 to 7 feet long. The clamp can be a first clamp and the transmission line cable can be a first transmission line cable. A spacing member can be included to which the first clamp is mounted, and a second clamp mounted to the spacing member for clamping to a second transmission line cable. In some embodiments, the clamp can be mounted to a member extending from a transmission tower.

The present invention can also provide a spacer device including an elongate spacing member extending along a longitudinal axis for securing to electrical transmission lines, and having a minimum thickness d_(m). At least one thickened portion having a thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) can be positioned intermediate along the spacing member to form at least two column lengths L_(c) separated by the at least one thickened portion. Each column length L_(c) can have a portion with the minimum thickness d_(m). The thickness T_(t) and the length d_(t) of the at least one thickened portion can be at least two times the minimum thickness d_(m) to form at least one end support for the at least two column lengths L_(c) such that the at least two column lengths L_(c) behave as separate Euler type columns for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight. First and second clamps can be rotatably secured to opposite ends of the spacing member for securing to respective electrical transmission lines.

In particular embodiments, the spacing member can include first and second end portions at opposite ends to which the first and second clamps can be rotatably secured about respective first and second clamp rotation axes that are transverse to the longitudinal axis of the spacing member. Each end portion can have a pair of clamp stop structures for engaging clamp surfaces of a respective clamp and limit rotation of the respective clamp between the clamp stop structures. The clamp stop structures can include elongate flat surfaces parallel to and on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis of the spacing member extending wider than the column lengths. The elongate flat surfaces of the clamp stop structures of each end portion can extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the spacing member towards each other and inward relative to the clamp rotation axes. The clamp stop structures can limit rotation of the clamps to about +/−110° relative to the longitudinal axis of the spacing member. The thickened portion can have a thickness of T_(t) that is at least two times the minimum thickness d_(m) of the spacing member, and a length d_(t) that is at least three times the minimum thickness d_(m). The spacing member can have a column length to a minimum thickness L_(c)/d_(m) ratio of about 5 to 18, a thickened portion thickness to spacing member minimum thickness T_(t)/d_(m) ratio of about 1.5 to 3, and thickened portion length to spacing member minimum thickness d_(t)/d_(m) ratio of about 2 to 5 for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight. The at least one thickened portion can be integrally formed on the spacing member. The at least one thickened portion can be cylindrical shaped and can have a central axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the spacing member.

The present invention can also provide a spacer device including an elongate spacing member having at least one column length extending along a longitudinal axis. The spacing member can have first and second end portions at opposite ends. First and second clamps can be rotatably secured to respective first and second end portions of the spacing member for securing to respective electrical transmission lines. The first and second clamps can be rotatably secured about respective first and second clamp rotation axes that are transverse to the longitudinal axis of spacing member. Each end portion of the spacing member can have clamp stop structures that include elongate flat surfaces extending parallel to and on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis of the spacing member wider than the at least one column length towards each other and inward relative to the clamp rotation axes. The clamps can have opposed outer surfaces for engaging the clamp stop structures for limiting rotation of the clamps between the clamp stop structures to about +/−110° relative to the longitudinal axis of the spacing member.

The present invention can also provide a method of spacing two electrical transmission lines with a spacer device. An elongate spacing member can be secured to the two electrical transmission lines with first and second clamps that are rotatably secured to opposite ends of the spacing member. The elongate spacing member can extend along a longitudinal axis and can have a minimum thickness d_(m). At least one thickened portion having a thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) can be positioned intermediate along the spacing member to form at least two column lengths L_(c) separated by the at least one thickened portion. Each column length L_(c) can have a portion with the minimum thickness d_(m). The thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) of the at least one thickened portion can be at least two times the minimum thickness d_(m) to form at least one end support for the at least two column lengths L_(c), such that the at least two column lengths L_(c) behave as separate Euler type columns for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight.

In particular embodiments, the spacing member can be provided with first and second end portions at opposite ends to which the first and second clamps can be rotatably secured about respective first and second clamp rotation axes that are transverse to the longitudinal axis of spacing member. Rotation of the first and second clamps can be limited between a pair of clamp stop structures on each end portion. The clamp stop structures can engage clamp surfaces of a respective clamp. The clamp stop structures can be provided with elongate flat surfaces parallel to and on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis of the spacing member extending wider than the column lengths. The elongate flat surfaces of the clamp stop structures can extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the spacing member towards each other and inward relative to the clamp rotation axes. Rotation of the clamps can be limited with the clamp stop structures to about +/−110° relative to the longitudinal axis of the spacing member. The thickened portion can be provided with a thickness T_(t) that is at least two times the minimum thickness d_(m) of the spacing member, and a length d_(t) that is at least three times the minimum thickness d_(m). The spacing member can be provided with a column length to minimum thickness L_(c)/d_(m) ratio of about 5 to 18, a thickened portion thickness to spacing member minimum thickness T_(t)/d_(m) ratio about 1.5 to 3, and a thickened portion length to spacing member minimum thickness d_(t)/d_(m) ratio of about 2 to 5 for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight. The at least one thickened portion can be integrally formed on the spacing member. The at least one thickened portion can have a cylindrical shape with a central axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of spacing member.

The present invention can also provide a method of spacing two electrical transmission lines with a spacer device including providing an elongate spacing member having at least one column length extending along a longitudinal axis. The spacing member can have first and second end portions at opposite ends. First and second clamps can be secured to respective electrical transmission lines. The first and second clamps can be rotatably secured to respective first and second end portions of the spacing member about respective first and second clamp rotation axes that are transverse to the longitudinal axis of the spacing member. Each end portion of the spacing member can have clamp stop structures including elongate flat surfaces extending parallel to and on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis of the spacing member wider than the at least one column length towards each other and inward relative to the clamp rotation axes. Rotation of the clamps can be limited between the clamp stop structures to about +/−110° relative to the longitudinal axis of the spacing member. The clamps can have opposed outer surfaces for engaging the clamp stop structures.

The present invention can also provide a spacer device including an elongate spacing member extending along a longitudinal axis for securing to electrical transmission lines, and having a minimum thickness d_(m). At least one thickened portion having a thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) can be positioned intermediate along the spacing member to form at least two column lengths L_(c) separated by the at least one thickened portion. Each column length L_(c) can have at least a location with the minimum thickness d_(m). The thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) of the at least one thickened portion can be at least two times the minimum thickness of d_(m) to form at least one end support for the at least two column lengths L_(c) such that the at least two column lengths L_(c) behave as separate Euler type columns for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight.

In particular embodiments, first and second clamps can be rotatably secured to opposite ends of the spacing member for securing to respective electrical transmission lines. The thickened portion can have a thickness of T_(t) that is at least two times the minimum thickness d_(m) of the spacing member, and a length d_(t) that is at least three times the minimum thickness d_(m). The spacing member can have a column length to minimum thickness L_(c)/d_(m) ratio of about 18 and/or under, a thickened portion thickness to spacing member minimum thickness T_(t)/d_(m) ratio of about 1.5 to 3, and a thickened portion length to spacing member minimum thickness d_(t)/d_(m) ratio of about 2 to 5 for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight. The at least one thickened portion can be integrally formed on the spacing member. In some embodiments, each column length L_(c) can taper down in size to the minimum thickness d_(m). Each column length L_(c) can have a tapering I-beam cross section that tapers relative to two orthogonal planes. The two tapering column lengths L_(c) can be connected to respective end portions. The minimum thickness d_(m) can be about ⅝ inches, the thickness T_(t) can be about 1¼ inches, the length d_(t) can be about 2 inches, and the column lengths L_(c) can be about 2-5½ inches.

The present invention can also provide a spacer device including an elongate spacing member extending along a longitudinal axis for securing to electrical transmission lines, and having a minimum thickness d_(m). At least one thickened portion having a thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) can be positioned intermediate along the spacing member to form at least two column lengths L_(c) separated by the at least one thickened portion. Each column length L_(c) can have at least a location with the minimum thickness d_(m). Each column length L_(c) can have a tapering I-beam cross section that tapers down in size to the minimum thickness d_(m) relative to two orthogonal planes. The thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) of the at least one thickened portion can be at least two times the minimum thickness d_(m) to form at least one end support for the at least two column lengths L_(c) such that the at least two column lengths L_(c) behave as separate Euler type columns for producing increase Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight. First and second clamps can be rotatably secured to opposite ends of the spacing member for securing to respective electrical transmission lines.

The present invention can also provide a method of spacing two electrical transmission lines with a spacer device, including securing an elongate spacing member to the two electrical transmission lines. The elongate spacing member can extend along a longitudinal axis and have a minimum thickness d_(m). At least one thickened portion having a thickness T_(t) and a length d_(t) can be positioned intermediate along the spacing member to form at least two column lengths L_(c) separated by the at least one thickened portion. Each column length L_(c) can have at least a location with the minimum thickness d_(m). The thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) of the at least one thickened portion can be at least two times the minimum thickness d_(m) to form at least one end support for the at least two column lengths L_(c), such that the at least two column lengths L_(c) behave as separate Euler type columns for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight.

In particular embodiments, the elongate spacing member can be secured to the two electrical transmission lines with first and second clamps that are rotatably secured to opposite sides of the spacing member. The thickened portion can be provided with a thickness T_(t) that is at least two times the minimum thickness d_(m) of the spacing member, and a length d_(t) that is at least three times the minimum thickness d_(m). The spacing member can be provided with a column length to minimum thickness L_(c)/d_(m) ratio of about 18 and/or under, a thickened portion thickness to spacing member minimum thickness T_(t)/d_(m) ratio about 1.5 to 3, and a thickened portion length to spacing member minimum thickness d_(t)/d_(m) ratio of about 2 to 5 for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight. The at least one thickened portion can be integrally formed on the spacing member. Each column length L_(c) can taper down in size to the minimum thickness d_(m). Each column length L_(c) can have a tapering I-beam cross section that tapers relative to two orthogonal planes. The two tapering column length L_(c) can be connected to respective end portions. The minimum thickness d_(m) can be about ⅝ inches, the thickness T_(t) can be 1¼ inches, the length d_(t) can be about 2 inches, and the column length L_(c) can be about 2-5½ inches.

The present invention can also provide a method of spacing two electrical transmission lines with a spacer device including securing an elongate spacing member to the two electrical transmission lines with first and second clamps that are rotatably secured to opposite ends of the spacing member. The elongate spacing member can extend along a longitudinal axis and have a minimum thickness d_(m). At least one thickened portion having a thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) can be positioned intermediate along the spacing member to form at least two column lengths L_(c) separated by the at least one thickened portion. Each column length L_(c) can have at least a location with the minimum thickness d_(m). Each column length L_(c) can have a tapering I-beam cross section that tapers down in size to the minimum thickness d_(m) relative to two orthogonal planes. The thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) of the at least one thickened portion can be at least two times the minimum thickness d_(m) to form at least one end support for the at least two column lengths L_(c), such that the at least two column lengths L_(c) behave as separate Euler type columns for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing will be apparent from the following more particular description of example embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a top view on an embodiment of a spacer device in the present invention.

FIGS. 2 and 3 are side views of the spacer device of FIG. 1.

FIGS. 4 and 5 are top and side views of one end of the spacer device of FIG. 1, showing an embodiment of a rotatable clamp.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a clamp in an open position.

FIG. 7 is a top perspective view of an embodiment of a spacer rod.

FIG. 8A is a top perspective view of another embodiment of a spacer rod.

FIG. 8B is a schematic drawing of a conductor span which has a series of spacer devices secured thereto.

FIG. 8C is a perspective view of an embodiment of a clamp having a series of loose washers.

FIG. 8D is a perspective view of another embodiment of a clamp having a series of loose washers.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a spacer device in the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a side view of the spacer device of FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is a side view of the central hub joint of the spacer device of FIG. 9.

FIG. 12 is a top view of a portion of another embodiment of a spacer device in the present invention.

FIG. 13A is a side view of the portion of the spacer device of FIG. 12.

FIG. 13B is a schematic drawing of a clamp extending from an insulator mounted to a tower, and clamping an armor rod polymeric sleeve sandwich around a conductor.

FIG. 14 is a side view of an embodiment of a spreading tool in the present invention, positioned for spreading two conductors.

FIG. 15 is a side view of the spreading tool of FIG. 14 after spreading the conductors apart.

FIG. 16 is a top view of FIG. 15.

FIG. 17 is an enlarged top view of the hub portion.

FIG. 18 is a sectional view of the hub portion showing an embodiment of a mechanical stop.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a spacer device in the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a portion of the spacer device of FIG. 19.

FIG. 21 is a side view of an embodiment of a spacer rod for the spacer device of FIG. 19.

FIG. 22 is a side view of another embodiment of the spacer device in the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a side view of yet another embodiment of a spacer device in the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a side view of a spacer rod or member for the spacer device of FIG. 23.

FIG. 25 is a cross section of the spacer rod of FIG. 24.

FIG. 26 is a longitudinal sectional view of the spacer rod of FIG. 24.

FIG. 27 is a side view of still another embodiment of a spacer device in the present invention.

FIG. 28 is a side view of the spacer rod or member for the spacer device of FIG. 27.

FIG. 29 is a cross section of the spacer rod of FIG. 28.

FIG. 30 is a longitudinal sectional view of the spacer rod of FIG. 28.

FIG. 31 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a spacer rod or member in the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A description of example embodiments of the invention follows.

FIGS. 1-8A depict an embodiment of a spacer device 10 in the present invention which can be secured to lines, cables or conductors 18 extending along axes 19, such as electrical transmission lines, cables or conductors, and can operate as a spacer twister device and/or a spacer damper device. Spacer device 10 can space the conductors 18 apart from each other, can dampen vibrations, and can reduce or prevent galloping of the cables or conductors 18 during storms. The spacer device 10 can have an elongated spacing or spacer member or rod 12 extending along a longitudinal axis 17 with rotatable clamps 14 at opposite ends, which can pivot about pivot points or axes 14 a. In some situations, the clamps 14 can be fixed, if desired. Rotation of the clamps 14 can allow twisting of the conductors 18 which can change or alter aerodynamic lift characteristics of the conductors 18 in heavy winds, and can reduce or prevent galloping, as well as dampen vibrations. The spacer rod 12 can have a series of spaced apart thickened knobs, bulges, protuberances, members, or portions 16 along its length. The thickened portions 16 can increase the stiffness and buckling strength of the spacer rod 12 for resisting compressive buckling forces F, and Euler type buckling, while minimizing the nominal or minimal thickness (or diameter), the weight, and the cost of the spacer rod 12.

The thickened portions 16 can be relatively short, squat or flattened round, or curved bulges that can be cylindrical, puck, or disc shaped, with their central axes 21 transverse, orthogonal or at a right angle to the spacer rod 12 and axis 17. The thickened portions 16 can have a round or curved outer diameter or perimeter surface 27, and flat end surfaces 25 on opposite axial ends (FIGS. 3 and 4). The flat end surfaces 25 can be parallel to each other and axis 17, and transverse or orthogonal or at right angles to axes 21. The thickened portions 16 can be formed by casting, and can be cast at the same time integrally together with the spacer rod 12, for example, out of aluminum. The use of aluminum for spacer rod 12 and clamps 14 can minimize the weight. Casting the thickened portions 16 integrally together with the spacer rod 12 can save manufacturing time. In addition, less material is used than if the spacer rod 12 had a constant or continuous diameter that is large enough to withstand the desired buckling force F. Using less material can decrease the weight and the cost of the spacer device 10.

By positioning the thickened portions 16 at intermediate locations along the spacer rod 12, the intermediate thickened portions 16 can form two or more short spaced apart Euler column lengths 12 a along axis 17, having the nominal or minimum thickness or diameter of the spacer rod 12, which are separated from each other by the thickened portions 16. The thickened portions 16 can be made long and large enough not to bend themselves, and to act as fixed end supports for the Euler column lengths 12 a of the spacer rod 12. Consequently, each shortened column length 12 a can resist higher compressive Euler buckling forces than the spacer rod 12 could resist if the thickened portions 16 were not present. Euler buckling forces are typically compressive forces acting on a column at the ends of the column in the direction of or along the longitudinal axis, which if large enough, can cause buckling of the column. A column subjected to such forces can be described or designated as a Euler column. The strength of a given Euler column is related to the square of the column length. For example, if a given Euler column is shortened by a factor of two by a thickened portion 16, the column can be increased in strength by a factor of four. The column lengths 12 a typically have a round cross section which can provide uniform strength in all radial directions, but alternatively can have other cross sectional shapes, such as square, rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal, polygonal, oval, complex curves, etc.

The use of the thickened portions 16 can allow the nominal or minimum thickness or diameter of the spacer rod 12 to be made smaller than if the spacer rod had a constant diameter large enough to withstand the desired buckling force F, thereby minimizing the weight. In addition, by using thickened portions 16 that are round or cylindrical in shape, with the central axis 21 transverse, orthogonal or at a right angle to the spacer rod 12 and axis 17, the thickened portions 16 can have a configuration that is large enough, and long enough in the direction of axis 17 to act as fixed end supports to form a series of Euler type columns extending along axis 17 that are separated from each other, while also minimizing weight and material. The cylindrical shape with flat opposed surfaces 25 minimizes weight on the opposite axial ends along axis 21, and the curved outer perimeter surface 27 maximizes the length of the thickened portion 16 between the column lengths 12 a in the direction of axis 17 while also minimizing weight. The curved outer perimeter surface 27 extends the length of the cylindrical thickened portion 16 along the junction with the column lengths 12 a, while minimizing material and weight at radially outward locations away from the spacer rod 12. The length of the thickened portion 16 if too short, might not sufficiently act as an end support and might not provide sufficient strength. In addition, the thickened portions 16 can also have a central hole 16 a (FIG. 8A) to further minimize weight. Minimizing weight is desirable for use on electrical transmission lines, cables or conductors.

The clamps 14 can include two opposed jaws 13 having hub portions 23, that can be rotatably connected to each other about axis 14 a on opposite sides of end portions 16 b of spacer rod 12, by bolts 20, washers 24 and nuts 22 (FIGS. 3-6). The end portions 16 b can be generally cylindrical or disc shaped and can have central axis 21 similar to thickened portions 16. The end portions 16 b can form end supports for the adjacent column lengths 12 a, alone or in combination with the clamps 14 and can be thinner than thickened portions 16 if needed for positioning or securing between hub portions 23. The end portions 16 b can have hole 16 a to allow bolts 20 to pass through. The jaws 13 can have contoured, curved or rounded jaw portions 13 a for gripping and clamping a conductor 18 when bolts 20 on axis 15 of clamp 14, and nuts 22 are tightened to bring jaws 13 towards each other. The bolts 20 along axes 14 a can be tightened to lock clamps 14 in a fixed positioned 14 a relative to spacer rod 12, or set, or replaced with a pin to allow rotation about axes 14 a of the clamps 14 relative to spacer rod 12. Nuts 22 can be lock nuts to prevent loosening. Washers 24 can be positioned on opposite sides of hub portions 23 and end portions 16 b to rattle and absorb or dissipate vibrational energy. Selected washers 24 can be included that are neoprene or rubber washers to reduce noise. Additional washers 24 can be added as needed to absorb vibration, and bolt 20 can be lengthened accordingly. Further washers 24 can also be added loosely to the thickened portions 16 with bolts through holes 16 a in the embodiment of the spacer rod 12 seen in FIG. 8A, for absorbing or dissipating vibration. Resilient or flexible, viscoelastic, polymeric, neoprene or rubber members, sheaths sleeves or layers 26 can be positioned over each conductor 18 at the locations at which the clamp 14 clamps the conductor 18 and become sandwiched between the clamp 14 and the conductor 18. The addition of a rubber sleeve 26 can be used to control high frequency vibration. Although one embodiment of clamps 14 is shown in the drawings, other suitable clamps can be employed. In addition, clamp 14 can be, or can be similar to those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,008,453, issued Dec. 28, 1999, the contents of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

In some embodiments, the spacer rod 12 can be about 1½ or 2 to 3 feet long, and about % to ¾ inches in nominal or minimum thickness or diameter d_(m) (FIG. 3). The thickened portions 16 can have a length or diameter d_(t) of about 1½ or 2 to 2½ inches, can have a thickness T_(t) of about ¾ or 1 to 2 inches thick, and can be spaced apart about 5 or 6 to 8 inches, and in some cases up to 9 to 11 inches. In some embodiments, the spacer rod 12 can have two thickened end portions 16 b at opposite ends, and three intermediate thickened portions 16 therebetween to form four separated Euler column lengths 12 a positioned along axis 17 in series or sequence. The column lengths 12 a of the spacer rod 12 can have a length L_(c) ranging from about 3 to 9 inches long. For a length, distance or span S of the spacer rod 12 between the centers of two thickened portions 16 or end portions 16 b, in some embodiments, about 50% or 55% to 80% of the length of the span S can be the column length 12 a having the nominal thickness or diameter d_(m), and about 20% to 45% or 50% of the length of the span S can be the thickened portions 16 or end portions 16 b. The thickened portions 16 can be about ⅝ to 1¼ or 2⅛ inches thicker than spacer rod 12 (or about 2 to 4 times thicker). The thickened portions 16 can have a thickness T_(t) along axis 21 orthogonal to axis 17 that is at least about 2 times the thickness or diameter d_(m) of the spacer rod 12, and a length or diameter d_(t) in the direction of axis 17 that is also at least two times the thickness or diameter d_(m), and can be at least three times the thickness or diameter d_(m), in order to form Euler type end supports. The thickness or diameter d_(t) of the thickened portions 16 can also be at least two or three times the thickness or diameter d_(m) in the radial direction orthogonal to both axes 17 and 21, at the radially outward most point on the outer perimeter surface 27. The thickened portions 16 can have an opening 16 a if desired (FIG. 8A). In other embodiments, the thickened portions 16 can have other suitable shapes and configurations, and can be separately manufactured pieces which are secured to the spacer rod 12. The number and spacing of thickened portions 16 can vary, as well as the nominal thickness or diameter d_(m) of the spacer rod 12.

The column lengths 12 a can have a column length L_(c) to nominal or minimum diameter or thickness d_(m) ratio L_(c)/d_(m) of about 5 to 18, often about 5 to 12, or 5 to 8. The thickened portion 16 thickness T_(t) and the column length 12 a thickness or diameter d_(m) can have a ratio T_(t)/d_(m) of about 1.5 to 3, and often about 1.75 to 2.5. The thickened portion 16 length or diameter d_(t) and the column length 12 a thickness or diameter d_(m), can have a ratio d_(t)/d_(m) of about 2 to 5 and often about 2.5 to 3.5. This can help provide a spacer rod 12 having maximum strength against Euler type buckling with a minimum weight.

In one embodiment, spacer device 10 can have a spacer rod 12 which is about 24 inches long between the axes 21 of the two end portions 16 b, which when clamps 14 are attached that have a distance of about 3 to 4 inches between axis 14 a and jaw portions 13 a, can space conductors 18 apart from each other about 30 to 32 inches. The spacer rod 12 can have three intermediate thickened portions 16 spaced apart from each other and the end portions 16 b by a distance or span S of about 6 inches between center axes 21 to form four Euler column lengths 12 a in series separated from each other along axis 17. The column lengths 12 a can have a nominal or minimum diameter d_(m) of about ⅝ inches and a length L_(c) of about 4 inches. The thickened portions 16 can have a length or diameter d_(t) of about 2 inches and a thickness T_(t) of about 1¼ inches. The end portions 16 b can have a diameter of about 2 inches and a thickness of about 0.68 or 1 1/16 inches. The holes 16 a can be about ⅝ inches in diameter. This can provide a L_(c)/d_(m) ratio of about 6 to 7, such as about 6.4, a t_(t)/d_(m) ratio of about 2, and a d_(t)/d_(m) ratio of about 3.2. Although column lengths 12 a are shown to have a diameter with a smooth outer surface, it is understood that the outer surface can have corrugations or irregularities.

In some embodiments, the maximum allowed stress on an aluminum column length 12 a is about 10,000 lb./in². For a column length 12 a having a minimum diameter d_(m) of about ½ inch, maximum loads for various column lengths L_(c), can be as follows: for L_(c) of 6 inches about 1848 lbs., for L_(c) of seven inches about 1807 lbs., for L_(c) of 8 inches about 1759 lbs., and for L_(c) of 9 inches about 1705 lbs. For a column length 12 a having about a 0.7 inch diameter, the following maximum loads for various column lengths L_(c) can be as follows: for L_(c) of 6 inches, about 3733 lbs., for L_(c) of 7 inches about 3692 lbs., for L_(c) of 8 inches about 3644 lbs., and for L_(c) of 9 inches about 3590 lbs. These spacer rods 12 can be heat treated. In compressive testing where the spacer rod 12 is subjected to a compressive force exerted at the end portions 16 b via bolts through holes 16 a (for example ⅝ diameter bolts), from a compressive test machine, embodiments of the spacer rod 12 when heat treated can buckle at about 2200 lbs., and at about 2440 lbs. if the bolts through the end portions 16 b are tightened to about 100 ft./lbs. to prevent rotation. Embodiments of the spacer rod 12 that are not heat treated can buckle at about 3130 lbs., and at about 3780 lbs. if the bolts through the end portions are tightened to about 100 ft./lbs.

In some embodiments, when the spacer device 10 is cast from aluminum, the spacer rod 12 can weigh about 21 lbs. and the clamps 14 about 3 lbs. each. The bolts 20 and nuts 22 can be about 2 lbs. for each set. This can provide spacer device 10 with a light weight to allow faster and easier installation on an electrical transmission line from a helicopter.

In some embodiments, for a 600 foot span, 3 spacer devices 10 can be secured to and spaced along the span about 200 feet from each other. Referring to FIG. 8B, the spacer devices 10 on the ends of the span near the towers or poles 60 can have clamps 14 which are tightened to prevent rotation of the clamps 14 relative to the spacer rod 12 and the center spacer device 10 can have clamps 14 that are able to rotate relative to the spacer rod 12 to twist the conductors 18 to control gallop. The center spacer device 10 can include extra loose washers 24 for controlling or dissipating vibration. The end spacer devices 10 do not have to include extra loose washers 24. FIG. 8C depicts a clamp 14 including extra loose washers 24. In some embodiments, the clamp 14 can range from about 15/16 inches to 1 7/16 inches in steps of 1/16 inch. The width of the gripping portion can be about 3½ inches. FIG. 8D depicts another clamp 70 having a series of loose washers 24 and corona donuts 72 to shield the nut 22 and head of bolt 20 against corona. Some embodiments can dissipate frequencies from 5 HZ to 50 HZ. In some embodiments, for a span of conductors 18 that is about 1200 feet on an electrical transmission line, 7 spacer devices 10 can be secured to the conductors 18 and spaced apart on the span to reduce or prevent galloping. In such a span, two spacer devices 10 near the center can have rotating clamps 14 with loose washers 24.

Referring to FIGS. 9-11, two spacer devices 10 can be joined together at their respective central or middle thickened portions 16 along a common central axis 28 by a bolt 20, washers 24 and nut 22, to form a quad spacer device 30. This can be used to clamp, space and dampen four conductors 18 in a quad bundle. Referring to FIG. 10, one spacer device 10 is shown horizontally oriented, and the other or second spacer device 10 is shown vertically oriented, but it is understood that other orientations are also envisioned. Although FIG. 10 shows two spacer devices 10 joined together of equal length, in some embodiments, one spacer device 10 can have a length for spacing two conductors 18 apart from each other about 30 to 32 inches, for example, in the horizontal direction and the second spacer device can have a length for spacing two conductors 18 apart from each other about 18 inches, for example, in the vertical direction. In other embodiments, three spacer devices 10 can be joined together to clamp, space and dampen a bundle of six conductors 18. Furthermore, a bundle of three conductors 18 can be clamped, spaced or dampened using either two spacer devices 10 joined together, or with a truncated spacer rod 12 joined to spacer device 10. The modular ability of multiple spacer devices 10 to be joined together allows spacer devices to be formed to space different conductor bundles having varying numbers of conductors 18.

Referring to FIGS. 12 and 13A, in some embodiments, the region of the cable or conductor 18 at which a spacer device 10 is secured by clamp 14 can have a resilient or flexible, viscoelastic, polymeric, neoprene, or rubber sheath, sleeve or layer 26 covering the conductor 18. The sleeve 26 can be covered by a metallic covering such as a series of members or rods, for example, armor rods 64, which can be cylindrical or have other suitable cross sectional shapes. The clamp 14 is clamped over the sleeve 26 and armor rod 64 sandwich. The sleeve 26 and armor rod 64 sandwich can create a vibration damper where energy can be dissipated in the constrained viscoelastic layer to control high frequency vibrations. In some embodiments, the sleeve 26 can be about ⅛ inch thick, have a durometer rating of about 40, can be about 4 to 5 feet long with a longitudinal slit or split to allow installment, and the armor rods 64 can be about 6 to 7 feet long, where the ends of the armor rods 64 can be brought back into contact with the conductor 18, such as by wrapping the individual rods around the conductor 18. The armor rods 64 can be metallic and can be formed of metal strands that are formed in a twisted or helical configuration. The armor rods 64 used can be those that are commonly commercially available. In some embodiments, 15 armor rods 64 can cover or be wrapped around the sleeve 26. The armor rods 64 can maintain pressure on the sleeve 26 and can have some flexibility or resiliency to deform for absorbing vibration or galloping. The length of the sleeve 26 and armor rod 64 sandwich can dampen bending stresses on the conductor 18 near the clamps 14. The sleeve 26 can deform in shear when the conductor 18 bends underneath the clamp 14, constituting a loss of energy in each cycle of vibration. In some embodiments, the sleeve 26 and armor rods 64 can be used with other damping or spacer damping devices or clamps. In other embodiments, the sleeve 26 and armor rods 64 can be used with other suitable spacer devices, or with a clamp 14 or other suitable clamp that is not attached to or part of a spacer device. Clamping armor rods 64 and sleeves 26 around cables or conductors 18 with a clamp can in itself be used as a damping device. Furthermore, the armor rods 64 and sleeves 26 can have other configurations and dimensions as desired.

Referring to FIG. 13B, in another embodiment, the armor rod 64 and sleeve 26 sandwich can be clamped over a conductor 18 by a clamp 14 mounted to a member 62 extending from a transmission tower or pole 60. The clamped armor rod 64 and sleeve 26 configuration can be used to control high frequency vibration as well as galloping. The clamp 14 can be rigidly or rotatably mounted to the member 62 as desired. In some embodiments, the member 62 can be an insulator attached to the tower or pole 60, and can be in a horizontal line post configuration as shown, or can have other configurations such as a suspension configuration where the upper end of the member is mounted to pole 60, or a braced configuration. In other embodiments, other suitable clamps can be attached to the member 62.

In addition to wind loads on electrical transmission lines, cables or conductors 18, another possible loading condition can be short circuit loading. This can occur when there is a line fault and the current may change from a normal value of about 1,000 amps to a short circuit value of 25,000 amps or more. Circuit breakers at the sub-station will react quickly, in about ten cycles or a time span of 0.10 seconds. In a bundled circuit, the phase conductors 18 will be electromagnetically attracted to each other. In a twin bundle, two conductors 18 will start to move toward the middle of the bundle. In a triple bundle, three conductors 18 will start to move. In a quad bundle, four conductors 18 will start to move. If the spacer devices 10 are oversized, for example, 30 to 32 inches instead of the pre-existing standard of 18 inches, the force of the attraction between the conductors 18 is much less in the 30 to 32 inch spaced bundle than for the 18 inch bundle due to the increased spacing or distance apart. Since each bundle is a dynamic system having mass and stiffness, the motion is governed by Newton's laws of motion, and is not instantaneous, and will be determined by the natural modes of vibration. So, while the short-circuit current is instantaneous, and the relay operation occurs within a 0.1 second time frame, the force F moving the conductors 18 towards each other is an impulse in time over a time period of 0.1 second.

The use of oversized spacer devices 10 of 30 to 32 inches has many desired benefits which include, (i) increase the power delivery capacity of the transmission line over long distances, (ii) strengthen the ability of the bundle to resist forces F caused by short circuits, (iii) increase the wind speed at which galloping may occur, and (iv) prevent sub-conductor oscillation in large diameter sub-conductors.

Referring to FIGS. 14-16, spreading tool or device 35 can be used for spreading conductors 18 apart from each other and maintaining a fixed spread distance for the attachment of a spacer device 10. The spreading tool 35 can have first 36 a and second 36 b spreading arms with respective hubs 39 a and 39 b at their proximal ends. The spreading arms 36 a and 36 b can be rotatably or pivotably connected together at hubs 39 a and 39 b along a pivot point or axis 38 by bolt 20, nut 22 and washers 24. The spreading arms 36 a and 36 b can have a construction similar to that of spacer device 10, in that the arms 36 a and 36 b can have column lengths 12 a, thickened portions 16, and end portions 16 b extending along longitudinal axes 48. Clamps 14 can be secured to the distal ends of the arms 36 a and 36 b at end portions 16 b. The dimensions of these features can be similar to those previously described. In the embodiment depicted, each arm 36 a and 36 b can have two column lengths 12 a that are separated from each other by a thickened portion 16. A handle 40 having a knob 42 can also be rotatably or pivotably connected along pivot point or axis 38 to the spreading arms 36 a and 36 b. The handle 40 has a hub 41 which can be rotatably secured to hubs 39 a and 39 b by the bolt 20, nut 22 and washers 24. Referring to FIG. 16, hubs 39 a and 39 b can each have a notch 46 a and 46 b forming a mechanical stop 50 a and 50 b (FIGS. 17 and 18) which can interact to permit rotation of the arms 36 a and 36 b relative to each other between an acute angle θ₁, and a reflex angle θ₂ that is just slightly beyond 180° by a few degrees, as seen in FIGS. 14 and 15. The mechanical stops 50 a and 50 b can have first stop surfaces 52 a and 52 b, which can engage each other when the arms 36 a and 36 b are at angle θ₁, to prevent further rotation in that direction, and can also have second stop surfaces 54 a and 54 b, which can engage each other when the arms 36 a and 36 b are at angle θ₂ to prevent further rotation in that direction.

One use of the spreading tool 35 can be for installing spacer devices 10 that space conductors 18 about 30 to 32 inches apart from each other in a bundle having conductors 18 that are currently spaced only 18 inches apart. Referring to FIG. 14, the clamps 14 of the spreading tool 35 can be tightened in a rigid or fixed position relative to arms 36 a and 36 b, and positioned over or around the conductors 18 in a loose manner. For example, the jaws 13 can have about a ¼ gap clearance around the conductors 18 to allow for rotation of the conductors 18 within clamps 14. Clearance can also allow easy insertion of the conductors 18 into the clamps 14. The length of each arm 36 a and 36 b can be sized such that when the spreading tool 35 is held by handle 40, the arms 36 a and 36 b can hang downward by gravity and are at angle θ₁ by the nature of mechanical stops 50 a and 50 b. The distance D₁, between the clamps 14 when arms 36 a and 36 b are at angle θ₁ can be about 18 inches to match the 18 inch distance between the longitudinal axes 19 of the conductors 18, thereby allowing quick and easy engagement of the jaw portions 13 a of the clamps 14 from above by a user on a helicopter. In some embodiments the angle θ₁ can be about 60°. The user then can push downwardly on the handle 40 with a force or load L which pivots the arms 36 a and 36 b about axis 38 relative to each other while moving the axis 38 downwardly or toward the axis 44 extending between both conductors 18 from axes 19. This moves the clamps 14 and the conductors 18 outwardly relative to each other in the direction of arrows 56, until the mechanical stops 50 a and 50 b prevent further rotation of the arms 36 a and 36 b at the reflex angle θ₂, where the axis 38 of hubs 39 a and 39 b are at a position offset, past or below axis 44 by a distance h, for example, ⅛ to ¼ inches (FIG. 15). As the arms 36 a and 36 b pivot, clamps 14 can rotate relative to the conductors 18 due to the loose manner in which the clamps 14 are positioned around the conductors 18. In some embodiments, the angle θ₂ can be about 182° to 185°. In this position, the forces F pushing the conductors 18 towards each other lock the arms 36 a and 36 b in place, whereby the distance D₂ between the jaw portions 13 a of the clamps 14 and the conductors 18 can be about 30 to 32 inches. A spacer device 10 for spacing conductors 18 a distance D₂ of about 30 to 32 inches can now be installed to achieve the benefits previously mentioned. Once the spacer device 10 is installed, the spreading tool 35 can be removed by pulling on the handle 40 to disengage the arms 36 a and 36 b from the conductors 18. In some situations, the handle 40 can be rotated about axis 38 to the opposite side whereby the arms 36 a and 36 b can be spread by pulling the handle 40, and removed by pushing.

In some embodiments, the mechanical stops 50 a and 50 b, and arms 36 a and 36 b, can be configured to provide other angles θ₁ and distances D₁ and D₂, as desired. The mechanical stops 50 a and 50 b can have other suitable configurations, and can be located outside the hubs 39 a and 39 b. The clamps 14 can be set to rotate relative to arms 36 a about axes 14 a, if desired. Although clamps 14, and arms 36 a and 36 b having a similar design to spacer device 10 are shown, it is understood that in some embodiments, the arms 36 a and 36 b can have other suitable configurations. For example, the arms 36 a and 36 b can be formed of round, oval, square, rectangular, polygonal or complex curved tubing or solid members, or can have an I beam cross section. In addition, a version of the clamps 14 can be integrally formed with the arms 36 a and 36 b, or the clamps 14 can be omitted, with the arms 36 a and 36 b having slots or openings for engaging the conductors 18. Although the spreading tool 35 is typically formed of aluminum, alternatively, other suitable materials can be employed such as steel, wood, composites, fiberglass, etc.

Referring to FIGS. 19-21, spacer device 75 is another embodiment of the present invention. The spacer rod 12 can be shorter than the spacer rod in spacer device 10, and have two column lengths 12 a, a central thickened portion 16, and two thickened end portions 16 b at opposite longitudinal or distal ends. The column lengths 12 a and thickened portion 16 can have similar construction, dimensions and/or ratios as previously described. Two clamps 14 similar to those previously described for spacer device 10, can be rotatably coupled to the spacer rod 12 at end portions 16 b about axes 21 of the end portions 16 b, and axes 14 a of the clamps 14. The end portions 16 b can be generally tongue shaped and have flat lateral face surfaces 25 for fitting between the hub portions 23 of the clamps 14. The end portions 16 b can differ from those in spacer device 10 by each having a pair of clamp stop structures 16 c located on opposite sides of the end portion 16 b for engaging clamp surfaces 74 of a clamp 14, and limiting rotation of the clamp 14 between the clamp stop structures 16 c. A curved or rounded distal tip or end 16 d extending a distance X distally beyond axes 21 and 14 a, can allow rotation of the clamps 14 distally around the end 16 d for moving between the clamp stop structures 16 c.

Each end portion 16 b can have elongate flat surfaces or faces extending on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis 17 of spacer rod 12 by a distance or width Y to form the clamp stop structures 16 c. The distance or width Y can be considerably beyond or wider than the minimum thickness or diameter d_(m) of the column lengths 12 a. The flat surfaces of the clamp stop structures 16 c can be parallel to the axis 17 and orthogonal or perpendicular to faces 25. The length of the flat surfaces forming the clamp stop structures 16 c can extend inwardly away from the distal ends 16 d of spacer rod 12 and the axes 21 and 14 a by a distance X₂, which can be at least the distance X₁ to the location of the engaging outer opposed surfaces 74 on the clamps 14, and can be slightly greater, as shown. Referring to FIGS. 19 and 20, the distance X₁ can be to the perpendicular edge or face of the head of bolt 20, or nut 22 (shown in FIG. 5). The distance X₁ extends to the location on the clamp 14 that forms a rotatable radius location that engages the clamp stop structure 16 c when rotated around axis 14 a. With the axis of rotation of the clamps 14 being about axis 21 and axis 14 a, and being orthogonal to the longitudinal axis 17 of spacer rod 12 and the longitudinally extending direction of the flat surfaces of the clamp stop structures 16 c, rotation of the clamps 14 in the direction of arrows 76 is stopped when outer opposed surfaces 74 aligned with axis 17 engage the surfaces of the clamp stop structures 16 c. Referring to FIG. 19, bolt 20 and its axis 15 can be positioned to align along a common plane with axis 17 and the perpendicular edge or face surfaces of the head of bolt 20 or nut 22 can engage the surfaces of the clamp stop structures 16 c to stop rotation of the clamps 14 at a desired +/− angle A relative to the longitudinal axis 17 of the spacing rod 12, such as seen in FIG. 22. Depending upon the dimensions Y and X₂ of the clamp stop structures 16 c, and the location and configuration of the engaging clamp surfaces 74, the angle A can vary, but in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, can be +/−110°. In other embodiments, the angle A can be +/−120°. In some embodiments, the clamp stop structures 16 c do not have to be parallel to axis 17 but can be angled, curved or can be protrusions positioned at distance X₂. In addition, the outer opposed surfaces 74 of clamps 14 that engage the clamp stop structures 16 c do not have to be the heads of bolts 20 or nuts 22, but can be surfaces of the jaws 13 of the clamps 14, and can include structures, bumps, protrusions, etc., extending along or from the jaws 13. The clamp stop structures 16 c can prevent the clamps 14 from rotating into contact with the column lengths 12 a of the spacer rod 12, which could cause bending or damage thereof. Bolts 20 rotatably coupling the clamps 14 to the spacer rod 12 about axes 14 a, can extend through corona rings or doughnuts 70 located on opposite sides of the clamps 14 to stop or prevent corona discharge on the bolts 20, heads, threads and nuts 22.

Referring to FIG. 21, the distance B between axes 21 of the end portions 16 b can often be about 12 inches or 15 inches. These sizes can allow the clamps 14 of spacer device 75 to be secured to two sub conductors in a twin bundle. The shorter size can be for providing vertical spacing of conductors that are vertically spaced apart, with a generally vertical orientation of the spacing rod 12, and the longer size can be for providing a horizontal spacing of conductors that are horizontally spaced apart, with a generally horizontal orientation of the spacing rod 12. For an 18 inch spaced horizontal bundle of conductors, one or both clamps 14 can be positioned in a rotated position such as about 60° relative to axis 17 of the spacer rod 12. This initial set up can allow the clamp 14 to rotate about 50° in one direction and about 60°+110° in the other direction before hitting the clamp stop structures 16 c. Such rotation can cause rotation and twisting of the conductors to reduce lift and control galloping due to wind. With regard to a 12 inch spaced vertical bundle of conductors, the clamps 14 can be initially positioned generally horizontally, with the spacer rod 12 being generally vertical. Operation can be similar for reducing lift and controlling galloping.

Referring to FIG. 22 in some embodiments, spacer device 75 can have a spacer rod 12 that is longer than seen in FIGS. 19 and 21, such as in spacer device 10.

Referring to FIGS. 23-26, spacer or spacing device 80 is another embodiment of the present invention which can withstand higher compressive loads. Spacer device 80 can differ from spacer device 75 in that the bar, spacer rod or member 120 has column lengths 12 a that have a tapering I-beam cross section which symmetrically tapers down in size relative to two longitudinal orthogonal directions or planes that extend along and intersect along the longitudinal central axis 17 (FIG. 25). One or a first plane can be an upright vertical or major plane that extends in the direction of upright, vertical or major axis 84 a, and the other, or second plane can be a lateral, horizontal or minor plane that extends in the direction of lateral, horizontal or minor axis 84 b. The I-beam cross section of the spacer rod 120 can have peripheral or outer edges or flanges 82 a that are thickened relative to thinner inner web portions 82 b in the lateral direction of axis 84 b to provide structural strength while being light weight. As can be seen in FIGS. 24-26, the spacer rod 120, column lengths 12 a or flanges 82 a symmetrically angle, taper, decrease or narrow in size inwardly laterally (FIG. 26) relative to the major plane formed by axes 84 a and 17, moving away from the central thickened portion 16 until reaching the end portions 16 b. In addition, the height of the spacer rod 120, column lengths 12 a or flanges 82 a angles, tapers, decreases or narrows in size (FIG. 24) relative to the minor plane formed by axes 84 b and 17, until reaching the end portions 16 b. The flanges 82 a can have the same height in the direction of the major axis 84 a, so that the height of the web portion 82 b becomes smaller. The central thickened portion 16 can have a rounded periphery that has the same height or dimension in the direction of major axis 84 a as the location of the exterior surfaces of the flanges 82 a of the column lengths 12 a at the joining surfaces (where they join the central thickened portion 16) and can be integrally formed or transitioned thereto, as seen in FIG. 24. In addition, the thickness T_(t) of the central thickened portion 16 can have the same dimension in the direction of the minor axis 84 b as the exterior edges of flanges 82 a of the column lengths 12 a at the joining surfaces, and can be integrally formed or transitioned thereto (FIG. 26). The end portions 16 b can have rounded peripheries such as in the embodiments of FIGS. 7 and 8A, and can be the same thickness as the minimum thickness d_(m) of the column lengths 12 a, where the column lengths 12 a join the end portions 16 b. The clamp stop the structures 16 c on end portions 16 b can be rounded instead of having elongate flat surfaces.

In one embodiment, the spacer rod 120 can be about 17 inches long with a minimum thickness d_(m) in the direction of minor axis 84 b of about ⅝ inches. The spacer rod 120 and column length 12 a can taper down in the direction of minor axis 84 b from the thickness of T_(t) of about 1¼ inches of the thickened portion 16, down to the thickness d_(m). The thickened portion 16 can have a length or diameter d_(t) of about 2 inches. The column lengths 12 a can have a length L_(c) of about 5½ inches, and the length, distance or span S between centers of thickened portion 16 and end portions 16 b can be about 7½ inches. The end portions 16 b can have a diameter of about 2 inches and a thickness of about ⅝ inches. The thickness T_(t) can be about 2 times the thickness d_(m) and the length d_(t) can be at least about 3 times the thickness d_(m). The ratio L_(c)/d_(m) can be about 18 and/or under, such as about 5 to 18, or about 8 to 9 (8.8). The ratio T_(t)/d_(m) can be about 1.5 to 3, such as about 2. The ratio d_(t)/d_(m) can be about 2 to 5, such as about 3 to 4 (3.2). Web portion 82 b can be about ⅜ inches thick along axis 84 b, and flanges 82 a can each be about ½ inches high along axis 84 a.

In one embodiment, the spacer device 80 having a spacer rod 120 with such dimensions described above can be rated for about 4000 pounds in compression and about 5500 pounds in tension, which is below the test results for actual fracture.

Referring to FIGS. 27-30, spacer or spacing device 180 is another embodiment of the present invention. Spacer device 180 can differ from spacer device 80 in that the bar, spacer rod or member 220 is shorter in length than spacer rod 120. In one embodiment, the spacer rod 220 can be about 10 inches long with a minimum thickness dm in the direction of minor axis 84 b of about ⅝ inches. The thickened portion 16 can have a thickness T_(t) of about 1¼ inches and a length or diameter d_(t) of about 2 inches. The column lengths 12 a can have a length L_(c) of about 2 inches, and the length, distance or span S between centers of thickened portion 16 and end portions 16 b can be about 4 inches. The end portions 16 b can have a diameter of about 2 inches, and a thickness of about ⅝ inches. The thickness T_(t) can be about two times the thickness d_(m) and the length d_(t) can be at least about 3 times the thickness d_(m). The ratio L_(c)/d_(m) can be about 18 and/or under, such as about 3 to 4 (3.2). The ratio T_(t)/d_(m) can be about 1.5 to 3, such as about 2. The ratio d_(t)/d_(m) can be about 2 to 5, such as about 3 to 4 (3.2). Web portion 82 b can be about ⅜ inches thick, and flanges 82 a can be about ½ inches high.

In some embodiments, the spacer device 180 can have a spacer rod 220 with such dimensions described above and can be rated for about 2500 to 4000 pounds in compression and about 8000 pounds in tension.

Referring to FIG. 31, bar, spacer rod or member 220 a is another embodiment of a spacer rod in the present invention, which differs from spacer rod 220 in that the outer rounded periphery of the thickened portion 16 extends outwardly beyond the surfaces of the column lengths 12 a in the direction of major axis 84 a as shown.

While this invention has been particularly shown and described with references to example embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention encompassed by the appended claims.

For example, the devices described above and shown in the drawings are not limited for use with electrical transmission lines, but can also be used for support or suspension cables, for example, towers, bridges, etc. In addition, the sizes or dimensions of the devices and their features can vary depending upon the application at hand. Although the components are typically integrally cast from aluminum for weight and manufacturing purposes, it is understood that other suitable metals and materials can be used, and that other configurations of the components and manufacturing methods can be employed. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A spacer device comprising: an elongate spacing member extending along a longitudinal axis for securing to electrical transmission lines, and having a minimum thickness d_(m), at least one thickened portion having a thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) being positioned intermediate along the spacing member to form at least two column lengths L_(c) separated by the at least one thickened portion, each column length L_(c) having at least a location with the minimum thickness d_(m), the thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) of the at least one thickened portion being at least two times the minimum thickness d_(m) to form at least one end support for the at least two column lengths L_(c) such that the at least two column lengths L_(c) behave as separate Euler type columns for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight, wherein each column length L_(c) tapers down in size to the minimum thickness d_(m).
 2. The spacer device of claim 1 further comprising first and second clamps rotatably secured to opposite ends of the spacing member for securing to respective electrical transmission lines.
 3. The spacer device of claim 1 in which the thickened portion has a thickness of T_(t) that is at least two times the minimum thickness d_(m) of the spacing member, and a length d_(t) that is at least three times the minimum thickness d_(m).
 4. The spacer device of claim 1 in which the spacing member has a column length to minimum thickness L_(c)/d_(m) ratio of about 18 or under, a thickened portion thickness to spacing member minimum thickness T_(t)/d_(m) ratio of about 1.5 to 3, and a thickened portion length to spacing member minimum thickness d_(t)/d_(m), ratio of about 2 to 5 for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight.
 5. The spacer device of claim 1 in which the at least one thickened portion is integrally formed on the spacing member.
 6. The spacer device of claim 1 in which each column length L_(c) has a tapering I-beam cross section that tapers relative to two orthogonal planes.
 7. The spacer device of claim 6 in which the two tapering column lengths L_(c) are connected to respective end portions.
 8. The spacer device of claim 7 in which the minimum thickness d_(m) is about ⅝ inches, the thickness T_(t) is about 1¼ inches, the length d_(t) is about 2 inches, and the column lengths L_(c) are about 2-5½ inches.
 9. A spacer device comprising: an elongate spacing member extending along a longitudinal axis for securing to electrical transmission lines, and having a minimum thickness d_(m), at least one thickened portion having a thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) being positioned intermediate along the spacing member to form at least two column lengths L_(c) separated by the at least one thickened portion, each column length L_(c) having at least a location with the minimum thickness d_(m), each column length L_(c) having a tapering I-beam cross section that tapers down in size to the minimum thickness d_(m) relative to two orthogonal planes, the thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) of the at least one thickened portion being at least two times the minimum thickness d_(m) to form at least one end support for the at least two column lengths L_(c) such that the at least two column lengths L_(c) behave as separate Euler type columns for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight; and first and second clamps rotatably secured to opposite ends of the spacing member for securing to respective electrical transmission lines.
 10. A method of spacing two electrical transmission lines with a spacer device comprising: securing an elongate spacing member to the two electrical transmission lines, the elongate spacing member extending along a longitudinal axis and having a minimum thickness d_(m), at least one thickened portion having a thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) being positioned intermediate along the spacing member to form at least two column lengths L_(c) separated by the at least one thickened portion, each column length L_(c) having at least a location with the minimum thickness d_(m), the thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) of the at least one thickened portion being at least two times the minimum thickness d_(m) to form at least one end support for the at least two column lengths L_(c), such that the at least two column lengths L_(c) behave as separate Euler type columns for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight, wherein each column length L_(c) tapers down in size to the minimum thickness d_(m).
 11. The method of claim 10 further comprising: securing the elongate spacing member to the two electrical transmission lines with first and second clamps that are rotatably secured to opposite sides of the spacing member.
 12. The method of claim 10 further comprising providing the thickened portion with a thickness of T_(t) that is at least two times the minimum thickness d_(m) of the spacing member, and a length d_(t) that is at least three times the minimum thickness d_(m).
 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising providing the spacing member with a column length to minimum thickness L_(c)/d_(m) ratio of about 18 or under, a thickened portion thickness to spacing member minimum thickness T_(t)/d_(m) ratio of about 1.5 to 3, and a thickened portion length to spacing member minimum thickness d_(t)/d_(m) ratio of about 2 to 5 for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight.
 14. The method of claim 13 further comprising integrally forming the at least one thickened portion on the spacing member.
 15. The method of claim 10 wherein each column length L_(c) has a tapering I-beam cross section that tapers relative to two orthogonal planes.
 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the two tapering column lengths L_(c) are connected to respective end portions.
 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the minimum thickness d_(m) is about ⅝ inches, the thickness T_(t) is about 1¼ inches, the length d_(t) is about 2 inches, and the column lengths L_(c) are about 2-5½ inches.
 18. A method of spacing two electrical transmission lines with a spacer device comprising: securing an elongate spacing member to the two electrical transmission lines with first and second clamps that are rotatably secured to opposite ends of the spacing member, the elongate spacing member extending along a longitudinal axis and having a minimum thickness d_(m), at least one thickened portion having a thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) being positioned intermediate along the spacing member to form at least two column lengths L_(c) separated by the at least one thickened portion, each column length L_(c) having at least a location with the minimum thickness d_(m), each column length L_(c) having a tapering I-beam cross section that tapers down in size to the minimum thickness d_(m) relative to two orthogonal planes, the thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) of the at least one thickened portion being at least two times the minimum thickness d_(m) to form at least one end support for the at least two column lengths L_(c), such that the at least two column lengths L_(c) behave as separate Euler type columns for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight.
 19. A spacer device comprising: an elongate spacing member extending along a longitudinal axis for securing to electrical transmission lines, and having a minimum thickness d_(m), at least one thickened portion having a thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) being positioned intermediate along the spacing member to form at least two column lengths L_(c) separated by the at least one thickened portion, each column length L_(c) having at least a location with the minimum thickness d_(m), the thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) of the at least one thickened portion being at least two times the minimum thickness d_(m) to form at least one end support for the at least two column lengths L_(c), the spacing member having a column length to minimum thickness L_(c)/d_(m) ratio of about 18 or under, a thickened portion thickness to spacing member minimum thickness T_(t)/d_(m) ratio of about 1.5 to 3, and a thickened portion length to spacing member minimum thickness d_(t)/d_(m) ratio of about 2 to 5, such that the at least two column lengths L_(c) behave as separate Euler type columns for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight.
 20. A method of spacing two electrical transmission lines with a spacer device comprising: securing an elongate spacing member to the two electrical transmission lines, the elongate spacing member extending along a longitudinal axis and having a minimum thickness d_(m), at least one thickened portion having a thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) being positioned intermediate along the spacing member to form at least two column lengths L_(c) separated by the at least one thickened portion, each column length L_(c) having at least a location with the minimum thickness d_(m), the thickness T_(t) and length d_(t) of the at least one thickened portion being at least two times the minimum thickness d_(m) to form at least one end support for the at least two column lengths L_(c), the spacing member having a column length to minimum thickness L_(c)/d_(m) ratio of about 18 or under, a thickened portion thickness to spacing member minimum thickness T_(t)/d_(m) ratio of about 1.5 to 3, and a thickened portion length to spacing member minimum thickness d_(t)/d_(m) ratio of about 2 to 5, such that the at least two column lengths L_(c) behave as separate Euler type columns for producing increased Euler buckling strength with a minimal increase in weight. 